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Planar Magnetic Loudspeakers and Ribbon Tweeters

Planar magnetic drivers and ribbon tweeters offer numerous advantages over traditional dynamic speakers. Their large diaphragms require only just a tiny amount of movement (excursion), allowing them to create the same sound quality as an ordinary speaker.

They also have a dipolar radiation pattern that means they radiate equally to the rear and front of the speaker.

High-Resolution Sound

They are known for their accurate, detailed sounds. They are known for their high-resolution sound and reveal subtle nuances in the music that other drivers cannot reproduce or show.

In addition to their impressive accuracy in sound reproduction, planar and ribbon drivers provide superior sound staging, allowing them to reproduce an expansive soundstage with exceptional clarity. This makes them a fantastic choice for audiophiles and home theatre enthusiasts who are looking to enjoy music to the fullest extent possible.

Planar and ribbon drivers are distinguished by their dipole pattern. This pattern emits equal amounts of energy in front and back in an inverted phase, creating an authentic soundstage. Their large dispersion and dipole radiation pattern makes them ideal for large spaces, where they are able to create a natural and spacious soundstage.

Planar magnetic drivers also have a fast response time, which helps them reproduce transients with more precision and speed than conventional cone drivers. This results in a clear and precise sound, even at very high frequencies.

Another advantage of planar magnetic drivers is their low distortion. This is because they do not employ the voice coil, but instead an electrostatic field. This allows the diaphragm to move without creating vibrations that could cause distortion that is not desirable.

In addition, the distance between the magnets in a planar driver is much larger than that of a traditional cone speaker. This results in a greater frequency response and less distortion at low amplitudes, but still delivering high-quality bass.

Despite their many advantages, planar magnetic speakers have a few limitations to take into consideration. For instance, they can be quite expensive and may require more power than other types of speakers. Also, Planar Magnetic they can be heavy and difficult to place in certain rooms. They are also sensitive to the room acoustics and require a thorough treatment of the room in order to achieve optimal performance. Fortunately, there are ways to alleviate these issues by incorporating an attenuation resistor (provided with your speakers) in the attenuation position, or by applying some kind of room treatment.

Wide Dispersion

Planar magnetic speakers also produce sound by regulating the flow of electrical currents through wires that are suspended between magnets. However they directly move a flat diaphragm instead than an electrostatic charge, which gives them a larger surface area and greater accuracy. This principle of operation also makes it possible to build them into smaller, more affordable headphones and speakers than electrostatic models.

Planar drivers are not just capable of dispersing sound effectively they also offer superior imaging and clarity in the higher frequencies. This is an excellent benefit for audiophiles who enjoy watching music or films on large screens or in an open space.

Planar drivers can also produce an extremely deep bass as they can be augmented with boxed subwoofers attached to or separated from the membrane that resembles a ribbon. This is contrary to conventional cone-type speaker woofers, which are typically placed at the bottom of the cabinet, which is a place that cannot reproduce bass frequencies due to the physical limitations of the woofer enclosure.

Another benefit of the planar driver is its exceptionally low distortion, which is directly related to the size and length of the diaphragm, which is shaped like a ribbon. A planar speaker is able to produce a huge volume of sound without distortion. This is the reason that the sound reproduction is so clear and detailed.

Dynamic drivers in standard headphones and speakers typically show significant distortion when they are driven to their maximum limit of excursion. This is why dynamic drivers often create a booming or hollow sound.

Planar magnetic drivers are extremely efficient. They require less energy to drive, which results in a lower energy consumption and impact on the environment. Furthermore, planar Magnetic their diaphragms typically made of lighter materials than traditional speakers, which reduces the amount of energy required for them to generate the desired sound pressure.

While many audiophiles are acquainted with planar/ribbon loudspeakers - especially the ones made by Magnepan, Infinity, and Apogee Acoustics - a new generation of brands is making their debut. For instance, new planar loudspeakers from manufacturers like Diptyque and Clarisys Audio are incorporating the most advanced ribbon technology.

Low Distortion

Planar magnetic speakers exhibit extremely low distortion due to the fact that they don't employ a traditional dome-shaped diaphragm or cone. This is the direct result of their unique design which eliminates the voice coil inductance commonly associated with conventional dynamic speakers (see U.S. Patent 6,353,560). This means that the diaphragm is never being out of phase with its surroundings magnetic field, and therefore an unchanging output level. Most often, distortion occurs when large amplitude waveforms are reproduced. With a planar magnetic single-ended driver, distortion is almost absent at frequencies above the bass.

Planar magnetic loudspeakers are very efficient and have a low distortion. This means that the drive requires less power than other speaker technologies. This in turn translates to lower cost of ownership and reduced energy consumption.

Planar magnetic drivers also have significantly lower distortion than traditional dynamic speakers and even less distortion for electrostatic speakers. This is because a planar magnet driver's flat diaphragm has a conductor trace that lets it to react to magnetic fields that are generated on either side.

The two magnets must be placed so that the voice element remains in the magnetic field at optimum levels at all times. This is the reason for the extremely linear performance of planar magnetic drivers at all frequencies above the bass.

Planar magnetic drivers offer a variety of other advantages they offer, but the main advantage is that they can be designed as dipoles (radiating in opposite directions and equally in front and behind the speaker like an ESL), or Monopoles (radiating in the forward direction and more like traditional dynamic speakers). This permits a wide range of designs, particularly when used with using a ribbon-tweeter.

A variety of planar magnetic loudspeakers are on the market today from brands like Hifiman, Dan Clark, Audeze, and Fostex. Each brand has its own distinctive sound that results of their unique design of drivers and other technological innovations. These speakers are distinguished by their stunning clarity and their dynamic, as well as controlled directionality.

High Power Handling

Planar magnetic drivers are capable of handling lots of power without causing the tension or strain that is caused by traditional dynamic speakers that move. This is due to the fact that the "voice coil" is distributed over a large area instead of being squeezed into a tiny gap between the basket and cone like traditional dynamic drivers. This gives the voice coil a larger surface area to help disperse heat efficiently.

Another reason why planar magnetic drivers can handle such a large amount of power is due to having the smallest mass when as compared to conventional drivers. Dynamic drivers employ thick, heavy diaphragms that are orders of magnitude heavier and thicker than the ultra-light and thin diaphragms used in planar magnetic drivers. Due to their high mass, conventional diaphragms require a greater amount of force to move forward and backwards (a measurement referred to as excursion) to create a certain level of sound pressure.

They can't be driven nearly as hard as a planar magnetic driver, as the voice coil will begin to create significant distortion. This is the reason it's essential to buy only speakers that are rated for the amplifier you plan to drive them with.

The high excursion enables it to create a wider soundstage than conventional drivers. This is because the diaphragm vibrates in a uniform and flat way to create a wavefront, rather than the spherical wavefront that is typical with traditional drivers. This larger soundstage improves the precision and detail of the speakers and allows them to reproduce subtle nuances and complex sound effects.

The downside to the superior power handling of planar magnetic drivers is that they tend to be more expensive to make and require more powerful amplifiers to operate at full capacity. They can be massive and heavy, making it difficult to install them in certain areas. You may also need to add a separate subwoofer if you want to get satisfactory results at lower frequencies.