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proxy, also known as proxy, also known as proxy or proxy server, is a server software that sits as a mediator between a client and server via the internet. In the absence of an intermediary users would send a request for something direct to a server and servers would deliver the resource directly back to the client. While this is a simple method to understand and use, adding proxies offers benefits like improved security, performance, privacy and more. As a pass-through layer proxy is a gatekeeper for the internet between clients and servers.

Generally speaking it is the bundled set of server hardware with installed proxy software is also often called a proxy server. However, this article will concentrate on proxy servers which are usually referred to as software, and those that are used to complement web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two main types, namely the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has its own unique use case, and is frequently misunderstood due to the same terminology.

This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are as well being able to explain how they can be useful for the most typical configurations. In this article, you will be able to recognize the situations where you can benefit from a proxy and identify the most suitable option in between forward and reverse proxy options in any given scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy often called open proxy, also known as open proxy is an agent of the user who wants to make a request via the internet to an the server which originated the request. In this case, it's the situation that all requests made by the user would prefer to be sent directly at the forward proxy. Forward proxy in the place of the client will look over the request. At the beginning, it will determine if the client can accept requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then decide whether to reject requests or redirect them to the original server. The client does not have direct access to the internet It can only access the information that the forward proxy allows it access to.

The most popular reason for using forward proxy services is to gain greater privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet on behalf of clients, and in the process, it will use an alternative IP address to the IP address originally that the client uses.

Based on the way it has been set up according to how it was initially configured forward proxy can offer you a range of functions in addition to the capability to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also employed in systems that offer central security, as well as access based on permissions, such as at work. In the event that all internet traffic flows via an open forward proxy an administrator is able to grant access only to specific people to connect on the internet. The web is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place on the client layer that may comprise several computers that have different users and environmental settings, a firewall may be set up in the front proxy layer.

Be aware that forward proxies need to be manually setup before they are able to be used to use them, while reverse proxies are able to not be noticed by the user. Based on the fact that an IP address for a user is sent to the server which originated it via the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or left transparent.

There are many possibilities to consider for forward proxies:

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  Apache An open-source, well-known web server that provides forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not an entire Web server. Read our guide on how you can configure Squid proxy for private connection on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to allow it to be more suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You may also want to know how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as an agent for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. Web servers can represent one server or several servers. It could also represent an application servers, such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request comes by a user who is on the internet. The majority of the time, the request will go directly to the server that hosts the data the user is looking for. However reverse proxy serves as an intermediary in order to shield Web server from any direct interaction with the open internet.

From the point of view of the user that is a user's view, working via reverse proxy is the same as working with Web server directly. It is functionally the same as the web server, and the client cannot tell the distinction. Clients can request the resource and is then provided with it, without any additional configuration needed on the part of the user.

Reverse proxy providers provide certain features, such as:

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  Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is incoming based on rules you set.
  
  
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  Added functionality for caching.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse-proxies do this for the web server layer, and not to the client layer. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls in the web server layer that can include multiple servers with different configurations the majority of firewall security is focused at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the detachment of the responsibility of interfacing with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients off of web servers enables them to concentrate entirely on meeting the requirements of their customers.

If there are multiple servers that are running via reverse proxy, the reverse proxy could also be responsible for the direction in which requests are routed through which server. There could be multiple web servers hosting identical resources, however each one offering a different type of services or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, however they could also include protocols used by applications like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy in order redirecting visitors to a particular server based on the type of resource they're searching for, or follow certain rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also utilize their position before web servers through the capacity of caching. Large static assets can be in a position to be set up using caching rules that prevent them from the web server from being hit on every request. There are options that offer the option of providing static files without having to connect to the web server in any way. Additionally, the reverse proxy will manage the compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is also an extremely well-known reverse proxy choice. Although Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server also comes equipped with a reverse proxy features, it is an additional option of Apache However, Nginx was originally designed and primarily focused on the reverse proxy function.

The difference in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases

Since "forward" or "reverse" have connotations of directionality as well as inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic, they can be confusing as both kinds of proxies are able to respond to requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between the forward and reverse proxies would be to examine the requirements of the application you're building.

Reverse proxy is helpful when building an application that connects web-based applications on the internet. They function as servers when you are on the internet.

Forward proxy is helpful when placed before the client for your private use, or even in a working environment. They act as your client's proxy whenever you interact on the internet.

Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on the same names will ensure that you aren't confused.

Conclusion

This article defined the definition of a proxy along with two kinds, specifically the forward proxy as well as the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of useful features were utilized to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about the use of proxy services, be sure to read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an internet server as well as reverse proxy in Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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