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A proxy, also called a proxy server software, acts to act as a mediator between server and client over the internet. Without the proxy, a client could submit a request for an online service directly from a server, and the server would serve the requested resource directly back at the requester's. This is a simple method to understand and implement but adding proxies offers advantages such as increased performance and security, privacy, and much more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a gatekeeper of the internet between servers and clients.

Generally speaking, the combined mixture of the server's hardware and proxy software is usually called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies that are traditionally classified as software when referring to web servers. This article will present the full description of two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type of proxy has its own situation, and it is frequently confused due to the same terms.

This article will provide you with details about the different types of proxy services, what their subtypes, as well as the way they work in a variety of configurations. By reading this article, you will be able identify instances where using proxies can be beneficial, and choose the right solution for reverse or forward proxy depending on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

The forward proxy, sometimes referred to as the open proxy serves as a representative for a customer who needs to make an internet-based request to an the server that originated it. In this scenario the entire attempt to send requests from the user will instead be transmitted via the forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting in place of the client will take a look at the request. It will then determine whether the client has the right to send requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to refuse any request or forward it to the server that originated it. The client does not have direct access directly to internet. It is able to access only the content that forward proxy permits the client to connect.

One of the most popular uses for forward proxy is to provide greater privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy allows access to the internet in place of a client. by doing this, it could make use of a different IP address than the IP address that was originally used by the client.

Based on the way it has been configured depending on how it's set up, forward proxy may offer you a variety of features based on the configuration it, allowing you to:

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  Don't fall victim of ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Recognize the restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used to secure systems which are centralized as well as access that is permission-based, like at a workplace. If all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy, the administrator is able to grant only a few clients connection to internet filtered through the firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for the client layer which can comprise a variety of devices that operate in various environments and users, a firewall could be installed at the front proxy level.

It is important to remember that forward proxies need to be manually set up for use, whereas reverse proxies can be hidden from the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that the user, they are transferred to the origin server through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.

There are numerous options to consider for forward proxies.

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  Apache An open source well-known web server, which offers forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx is another widely-used open-source web server with capability to use forward proxy.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer the entire web server. Read our article on the best way to set up Squid proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP making it more suitable for use instances like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to permit private connections with Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as an agent for a web server, which handles incoming requests from clients on its behalf. The web server could comprise servers, or even multiple servers. Additionally, it can be an application-server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios the request will come via the web in general. In the majority of cases requests will then be sent directly to the webserver with the resources that the user seeks. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, separating the webserver from direct communications via the open internet.

From the perspective of a user, the experience of interacting with a reverse proxy is no different from communicating with an internet server directly. It's essentially the same but the client is unable to see the distinction. The client requests the resource, and is then provided with it, without any additional configuration required from the client.

Reverse proxies provide features like:

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  Security centralized for web servers.
  
  
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  Directing incoming traffic based on rules you set.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxies provide this service only to the layer of the webserver and not to clients. Instead of maintaining firewalls on webserver level that could include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk protection of firewalls is aimed to the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients via web servers allows them to concentrate on the needs of their customers.

In the event of multiple servers using reverse-proxies, the reverse proxy also handles the direction of which requests are directed to which servers. Multiple web servers could be operating within the same system, each providing different kinds of resources, or a combination of the two. They can utilize the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, however they can also be equipped with application server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy servers that redirect visitors to specific servers based on the services required, or to certain rules regarding the load of traffic.

Reverse proxies can also benefit from their placement over web servers as they offer the ability to cache. Large static assets can be set up by using caching rules in order to avoid needing to connect with web servers each time you request. Certain solutions allow you to directly serve static files without having to communicate with the webserver at all. Furthermore the reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server functions as an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy service it is not the only one. Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy functions, but it's a separate feature available to Apache unlike Nginx was originally designed to focus on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use

Because "forward" or "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality, and inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since the two types of proxies deal with both requests and replies. The most effective way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy services is to consider the requirements of the application that you are developing.

A reverse proxy is a useful tool in the development of a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They are your web servers in any interaction with the internet.

Forward proxy can be helpful when they are displayed in front of users for personal use or in an office setting. They are a representation of your client's traffic when you use the internet.

Separating by use case instead of using only standard naming conventions can help make sure that you don't get confused.

Conclusion

This article will explain the significance of a proxy with the two main types, which are the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical use as well as a review of the useful features were used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxy. If you're looking to know more about the advantages of proxies, then you should read our tutorial for configuring Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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