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A proxy, also known as a proxy, also known as a proxy server also referred to the proxy server, is software that serves as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients could send a request for resources directly to a server and it would serve direct to users who requested the resource. While this procedure is easy to comprehend and implement with proxies, it can bring benefits in the form of increased performance as well as privacy, security and more. In addition to providing a layer of pass-through, a proxy acts as a gatekeeper for the internet, separating servers and users.

In general, the bundle of server hardware and proxy software is commonly called a proxy server. In this article, we'll examine proxy servers, which are generally defined as software, as well as within the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two major kinds of proxy servers: a forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has its own use case, often confused due to a similar the name convention.

This article will give you an idea of the what proxy services and their subtypes, as well as their significance in common setups. By reading the article you'll be able to understand how to recognize the situations that a good proxy is beneficial and select the best solution in between reverse and forward proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also called an open proxy serves as an intermediary for a client that is trying to transmit a request over the internet to a source server. In this case every request sent by the client will instead be directed direct via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in the client's place, will review the request. It will first determine whether the client is allowed be able to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request, or redirect it to the server that originally received it. The client has no direct access to the internet. It has access to only the web pages that the forward proxy allows the client access.

A very popular uses for forward proxies is to improve privacy or security when using the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as the client, and in the process, it will use an alternative IP address for the client's IP address.

Based on the way it has been configured depending on the configuration forward proxy can provide various features based on the way it's configured that allow you to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify limitations based on your geographic place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that offer central security and access based on permissions, such as in a workplace. Internet traffic can go through an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to restrict access to only certain users to the internet, which is protected by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer which may include multiple computers with various configurations and users, it is possible to set up a firewall at the forward proxy layer.

Be aware that forward proxy settings need to be set manually for use however reverse proxies will be not considered by the client. Based on the fact that an IP address belonging to the user is transmitted to the server from which it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and security could be granted or hidden.

There are a myriad of choices to be considered for forward proxy options:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Read our guide on how to install Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward-looking proxy, which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suited for cases like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to examine how you can configure Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as the web server, which takes care of the incoming requests of customers on behalf of. The web server can be a single, or a number of servers. It may additionally be an app server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request is made by a user on the internet. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the server, which will provide the information the user is seeking. In contrast, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary that isolates your web server from contact with the internet's open.

From the perspective of the client an individual's perspective, the process of using reverse proxy is similar to connecting to a Web server through direct contact. It's the same thing however the client can't tell the distinction. The client requests an item, and it is followed by its receipt, without any additional configurations required for the user.

Reverse proxies offer options like:

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  A central layer of security that protects the server.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed upon rules that you can determine.
  
  
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  New caching functionality has been added.
  
  

While central security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this function to only the server layer, but not the client layer. instead of being focused on the maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers that may contain many servers and different configurations, most of the firewall security is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and interacting with clients distant from web servers allows them to focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.

In the case of multiple servers that are connected via reverse proxy reverse proxy is also responsible to direct which requests will go via which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, each offering different kinds of services or a combination of both. These servers may be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but can contain other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy servers to redirect users to a particular server based on the resource requested or to comply with certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.

Reverse proxies also take advantage of their placement on top of web servers, as they have the capability to store information. Massive static resources can be set up with caching policy to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain applications allow users to directly serve static assets without having to contact the web server in any way. Additionally, the reverse proxy can help compress these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy solution. However, an equivalent feature available that is available in Apache web server does have reverse proxy functions as an additional feature available to Apache while Nginx was initially designed to and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Because "forward" along with "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxy servers process requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to distinguish between both reverse and forward proxies is to look at the requirements of the app you're developing.

Reverse proxy is useful when designing a solution for serving websites online. They act as your web servers when you interact with the internet.

Forward proxy can be helpful when displayed in front of customers for your personal use or in a business environment. They represent the traffic of your clients when they interact with the internet.

The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on commonly used naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified the meaning of a proxy is with the two main kinds of proxy: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial attributes were used to determine forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about how proxies are implemented You can read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as reverse proxy and webserver proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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