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An proxy often referred to as a proxy server is software that acts as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without proxy, a user will send a request directly to a server, and it will serve that resource to its user directly. Although this is a simple process to understand and implement using proxy servers, it could offer benefits in terms of enhanced performance and privacy, security and many more. In addition to providing a layer of pass-through proxy, it acts as a gatekeeper for the internet between servers and clients.

It is generally accepted that the set of server hardware with installed proxy software is often known as a proxy server. In this article, we will examine proxy servers that are typically classified as software and within the context of web servers. We will provide a description of the two main types of proxy servers: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has its own use case, often confused because of a similar naming convention.

This article will provide you with an understanding of different types of proxy and what their subtypes are, as well as their value in the common configurations. After reading this article, you'll know how to identify the circumstances in which an effective proxy is beneficial, and choose the correct alternative between forward and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy also known as an open proxy serves as an intermediary for a client that is trying to transmit a request over the internet to an source server. In this instance, any attempt to send requests made by the user will be routed straight to the forward proxy. A forward proxy in the place of the client will review the request. It will first decide if the client's permitted be able to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. It will then deny any request, or send it to the server that originally received it. The client does not have connection to any internet. It is able to access only the web pages that the forward proxy allows its access.

The most popular applications of forward proxies is to improve privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy utilizes the internet as a client, and in the process, it uses an alternative IP address to the client's IP address.

Based on the way it was configured, based on how it is configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending on the way it's configured that allow users to:

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  Stay clear of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can determine limitations based on your geographic area.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that offer central security and access based on permissions, such as in the workplace. Internet traffic can go through an open forward proxy. administrators are able to restrict access to certain users to the internet, which is protected by a standard firewall. As opposed to having firewalls for the client layer which may include multiple computers with different configurations and users there is the option to have a firewall located at the front proxy layer.

Be aware that forward proxy settings should be set manually for use, but reverse proxies are likely to be ignored from the clients. Depending on whether an IP address belonging to the user is sent to the server from which it originated by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept secret.

There are a myriad of options to consider for forward proxy:

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  Apache is a well-known open source web server, that offers forward-looking proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source web hosting server with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server. Take a look at our guide on how to install Squid proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suited for cases like peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to examine how you can configure Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as the web server that handles the incoming requests of customers on its behalf. The web server could represent a single or multiple servers. It may additionally be an app server such as Gunicorn. In any of these cases, an application request comes from a user via the internet. Most of the time, the request would be sent directly to the web server, which will provide the information the user is seeking. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and isolates your website server from communication with the internet's open.

From the viewpoint of the user's viewpoint the procedure of using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to a Web server through direct contact. It's the same thing, and the client cannot discern the distinction. Client requests the resource, which is followed by its receipt, without any additional configuration needed for the end-user.

Reverse proxies offer functions like:

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  A central layer of security to guard the server.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed on rules you decide to define.
  
  
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  New functionality added for caching.
  
  

Although centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxy adds this for only the server layer, but not the client layer. In lieu of focussing on upkeep of firewalls on the web server layer which could contain multiple servers and different configurations, most of the firewall security is targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with clients distant from web servers permits them to focus on serving the requirements of their clients.

If there are multiple servers that are connected via a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also responsible to direct which requests are routed through which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide the same content, each providing different services, or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, however they could incorporate different protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy servers to redirect visitors to specific server depending on the resource requested or to comply with certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.

Reverse proxies also take advantage of their placement over web servers by giving them the ability to store data. Massive static resources can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers on every request. Certain applications allow users to directly serve static assets without connecting to Web servers in any form. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.

The popular Nginx web server can also function as a popular reverse proxy solution. While there is a similar feature in the Apache web server, it has reverse proxy functions as an additional feature available to Apache whereas Nginx was initially designed to and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases

Since "forward" along with "reverse" conveys the notion of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxy systems process requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between the reverse and forward proxy types is to study the requirements of the app that you're building.

Reverse proxy is beneficial when you are developing a solution to serve websites on the internet. They represent your web servers when you use the internet.

Forward proxy can be useful when placed before customers for your own usage or in a work environment. They represent your client traffic in any interactions on the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing on commonly used naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we explained what a proxy is and the two primary types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the benefits were used to determine forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about implementation of proxies, you can check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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