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A proxy, also known as a proxy can also be referred to for its role as a proxy. is a program that acts in the role of intermediaries between a client and server on the internet. In the absence of a proxy server, a customer would send a request for anything directly to the server and servers would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to grasp and use however, the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages including increased speed, privacy and security, etc. In addition to providing a layer of pass-through, proxies act as a gatekeeper for the internet between servers and clients.

The general consensus is that the server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is often known as proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxies that are traditionally referred to as software, and specifically in relation to web servers. We will present a summary of the two main kinds of proxy services: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage, which can be confusing because of the same name convention.

This article will give you an idea of types of proxies, their subtypes, and their value for the most common setups. Through this article, you'll be able to understand the situations when you can benefit from a proxy and decide on the appropriate alternative between reverse proxy or forward proxy in any given scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also known as the open proxy serves as an agent for users who wish to make a request over the internet to an source server. In this scenario, every request made by the client will be handled by this forward proxy. A forward proxy that is in place of the client will review the request. It will first determine whether the client is allowed to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then either deny the request or forward it to the server that originated it. The client is not allowed an internet connection directly. it will only be able to access the information that the forward proxy allows it access to.

The most frequent applications for forward proxy servers is greater privacy or security on internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of a client's individual account, and can use another IP address, in contrast to the IP address that is used by the client.

Based on the way it's set up, and how it is configured forward proxy can provide various options and let you:

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  Beware of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Establish restrictions based upon your location.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems to offer central security as well as permission-based access, like in workplaces. If all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy layer administrators are able to allow only specific clients access to the internet. The web is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls on the client layer which may involve many machines with varying configurations and users, a firewall may be placed at on an intermediary layer.

Remember that forward proxies must be set up manually for use, while reverse proxy servers could be disregarded in the eyes of the user. According to the kind of IP address the client, it is transmitted to the server that generated it through the forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or made more transparent.

There are many options to take into consideration in determining forward proxy:

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  Apache is a well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx is a popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Squid is an open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. The option does not include the entire web server. You can refer to our guide on how for installing Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which allows it to be more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to set up an Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy is a web server that handles the requests of customers on its behalf. It can be used as a single server or as a series of servers. In addition, it could include an application servers, like Gunicorn. In any of these instances, a request would come through the internet at large. In most cases the request is made directly to the web server with all the resources the client requires. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating your web server from communication with the internet's public.

From the point of the client's point of reverse proxy is not any different than connecting to an internet server direct. It's basically the same, but clients aren't aware of the distinction. The client makes a request for the resource, and receives it without any additional configuration needed by the client.

Reverse proxy providers offer options like:

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  A centralized layer of security to guard the server.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic that is based on rules that you set up.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache is now available.
  
  

Although central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy service, reverse proxy providers provide this feature only to only the server layer and only the layer that clients use. In lieu of maintaining firewalls at the server layer which might contain many servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security could be concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of communicating with firewalls and responding to requests from clients outside of web servers lets them focus on only the needs of their customers.

In the event of multiple servers hosted by a reverse proxy it also manages the routing of requests to which servers. Multiple servers may be operating on the same server, providing different kinds of resources or a mixture of the two. They may use the HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, however they may also include protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy that routes clients to specific servers based on the requested resource, or to adhere to specific rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies also can make use of their positioning before web servers by offering the ability to cache. Large static assets can be set with caching rules that prevent getting to web servers for every time you request. There are solutions that offer the possibility of serving static content directly without having to interact with a webserver. Additionally, reverse proxy can handle compressing these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server has become a well-known reverse proxy choice. It is true that the Apache web server has reverse proxy capabilities, it is an added feature for Apache However, Nginx was designed originally to focus on the reverse proxy function.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic can be confusing since both kinds of proxy servers process requests and response. The best way to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to look at the requirements of the app you're building.

Reverse proxy is an important aspect in the design of a method to run web applications on the internet. They serve as servers when you interact with the Internet.

Forward proxy is useful in displaying customer information to your personal use or even in a workplace. They are a way to display the information of your client whenever you interact on the internet.

A distinction based on usage cases instead of focusing on naming conventions that are similar can help avoid confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we clarified the meaning of a proxy with two types of them being the forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of the beneficial attributes were utilized to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the use for proxy servers learn how to configure Nginx as web server and reverse proxy in Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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