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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy or proxy server is piece of software which acts as an intermediary for client and server over the internet. Without proxy servers, a user will send a request to resources directly to the server and it would then serve the resource directly for the client. While this is a simple method to grasp and implement however, the addition of proxy servers can bring advantages including improved speed as well as privacy, security and many more. In addition to providing passing through, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet, separating clients from servers.

Generally speaking, the combined system of server hardware and installed proxy software is commonly referred to as a proxy server. This article will concentrate on proxies typically considered to be software, as well as in relation to web servers. We will discuss of the two major kinds of proxies. One being one that is a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose and can be confusing because of the similar namesake convention.

This article will give you an understanding of what proxies and subtypes are in terms of their value for common setups. If you read the article carefully, you'll discern situations in which using proxies can be advantageous, and then choose the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy based on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also referred to by the name of an open proxy is the agent of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to the server that originated it. In this case every attempt to make requests through the client's end will instead be sent to forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client will examine the request. The first step is to determine if this client is allowed to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or redirect it to the origin server. The client is not able to have an internet connection directly; it can only reach what the forward proxy allows it to access.

The primary reason for people to use forward proxies is increased privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy accesses the internet through clients and in this way it can make use of an IP address that is distinct from the original IP of the client.

Based on the way it's set up, the forward proxy can provide a variety of functions in addition to the ability to:

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  Beware of ads-trackers.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on your area.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and access to users based on permissions, for instance in a workplace. If all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy Administrators are capable of allowing only certain clients access to the internet via a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer, which may include multiple computers that have different settings and environment the firewall is put in an forward proxy layer.

It is important to remember to set forward proxy preferences have to be set up manually to permit the use of these proxy servers for use in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxies are able to not be detected by users. Based on whether or not the IP address of a user is passed on to the server that originated it through the forward proxy, privacy and security settings, it can be granted or kept in the dark.

There are numerous alternatives to take into consideration when considering forward proxy alternatives:

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  Apache A well-known open source web server that has forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx A renowned open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server system. We recommend our article on the most efficient way to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, making it more suited to cases like peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy to allow secure connections within Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to web servers, and takes care of requests from clients for the web server. Web servers can function as a one server or a number of servers. It could also be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any event, the request for an application comes through the internet at large. Typically, the request will go directly to the web server that hosts the content that the client is searching for. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary to isolate your web server from contact with the internet's open.

From the perspective of a user's the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy isn't any different than interacting with your webserver directly. It's basically similar, however the client isn't able to tell the difference. Client makes a request for an item, and receives it, without requiring any additional configuration for the end user.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  The server for the web is secure centrally.
  
  
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  Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with the rules you have set.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching has been added.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this feature only to only the server layer, but not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls on Web server layers, which could include multiple servers with different configurations, the bulk in firewall protection is aimed towards the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of interfacing with a firewall and interacting with clients' requests off of web servers allows them to focus on serving resources.

In the case of multiple servers with a reverse-proxy in place, the reverse proxy is also responsible for controlling which requests are directed to which server. There may be several web servers running from the same host, each serving different types of resources or a mixture of the two. These servers could use the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They could also incorporate applications server protocols such as FastCGI. It is also possible to configure a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers in accordance with the service they require, or to observe certain guidelines regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also make use of their location on top of web servers through the capability of caching. Large static assets can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request, with some options even allowing you to provide static files directly without connecting directly to the website server. Additionally, reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.

The popular Nginx webserver is an extremely popular reverse proxy solution. However, it's not a reverse proxy, the Apache web server is also available with a reverse proxy option as an additional function that is available to Apache however Nginx was designed initially for and is specifically focused on the reverse proxy function.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Because "forward" along with "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality as well as misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these terms can be confusing as both types of proxies can handle requests as well as responses. A different method of distinguishing between reverse and forward proxy servers would be to analyze the requirements of the application that you're creating.

Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool when you are designing a solution to host applications that are on the web. They act as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.

Forward proxy can be useful to use when you are working with clients in front to use for personal purposes, or even in a business environment. They represent your client traffic whenever you connect to the internet.

A distinction based on use cases instead of looking at the common name conventions can aid you in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified what a proxy was and the two kinds of proxy being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of how to use them as well as a discussion of most useful features were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're looking to learn how to implement proxies we suggest you go through our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache running an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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