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The term "proxy" refers to a proxy, also called the software for proxy servers that serves to act as a mediator between server and client on the internet. In the absence of proxies, a user could make a request an online resource directly to a server, and the server could serve the resource directly for the client. Although this method is easy to understand and implement but the addition of proxies can bring benefits such as improved performance as well as privacy, security and more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy acts as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




In general, the combination of server hardware with proxy software is commonly called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies which are generally described as software and in the context of web servers. This article will present a detailed breakdown of two types: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind has its own unique usage scenario, and is frequently confused due to the same terms.




This article will provide you with details about the different types of proxy services, what their subtypes are and how they work in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you will be able to recognize the instances where the use of proxies is advantageous, and select the most appropriate solution for reverse or forward proxy for any particular scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, sometimes referred to as the open proxy serves as a representative for a client who wants to send a request via the internet to an the server which originated it. In this case, the entire effort to send requests from the user will instead be made via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting instead of the client will take a look at the request. It will then determine whether the client has the right to send requests using this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to reject any request, or forward it to the server that originated it. The client is not able to have direct access directly to internet. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy allows it to access.




A common use of forward proxies is increased privacy and security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet on behalf of a client. by doing this it can use an IP address that is different from the IP address that was originally used by the client.




Depending on how it's been configured and how it's configured forward proxy could grant you various features depending the way it's configured it, allowing you to:




Don't fall victim of ad trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Be aware of restrictions based on the geographical location.




Forward proxies are also utilized for security systems that are centralised as well as permission-based access, like at a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy an administrator is able to permit just a handful of users online access by the standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for the client layer, that could include a variety of machines that have different environments and types of users, a firewall could be placed at this forward proxy layer.




It is essential to note that forward proxy servers must be manually setup for use, whereas reverse proxies can be hidden from the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that the user who is transferred to the server from which it originated through forward proxy Privacy and anonymity can be granted or not.




There are many alternatives to look into for forward proxies.




Apache A well-known open source web server, which offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source web server that has forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide the complete web server. We have an article on the best way to set up Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is forward proxy which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP which makes it better for usage scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You can also check out how to configure Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on behalf of. Web servers can comprise servers, or even multiple servers. Also, it could become an application-server such as Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request will originate from the web in general. In most cases, requests will then be transmitted directly to a web server with the information the user seeks. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, isolating the webserver from direct interaction via the open internet.




From the perspective of a user, the experience of interacting with reverse proxy isn't different from communicating with an internet server direct. It's functionally the same however the client is unable to see the distinction. The client requests a resource and then receives it, without any additional configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Security centralized for web servers.


The direction of traffic coming in according to rules you have set.


New functionality added for caching.




While centralized security can be an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers. However, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to the layer that is the webserver and not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls in webserver level, which could contain multiple servers and various configurations, the bulk protection of firewalls is targeted to the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interacting with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients via web servers allows them to concentrate solely on the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running reverse-proxies, the reverse proxy also handles the direction in which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers running within the same system, each providing different types of resources or a combination of both. They can utilize the HTTP protocol as a traditional web server, but they can also be equipped with applications server protocols, like FastCGI. It is possible to set up a reverse proxy that directs visitors to specific server according to the service you request, or to a set of rules for the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies may also benefit by their position over web servers by providing the ability to cache. Massive static files can be created by using caching rules in order to avoid needing to connect with web servers each time you request. Certain software solutions let you directly serve static assets without having to interact with the webserver at all. Additionally, the reverse proxy is capable of handling the compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. Although Apache is a reverse proxy solution however, the Apache web server also comes with reverse proxy functions, but it's an additional feature that is available to Apache unlike Nginx was designed initially to focus on the reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality and inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy services handle both requests and replies. The best method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to consider the requirements of the app you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be useful in the development of a solution to offer web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers during any interaction on the web.




Forward proxy is useful when they are displayed in front of users either for personal use, or in a workplace setting. They represent your client's activity when you use the internet.




The practice of separating by use case, instead of using only standard naming conventions can help ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article provides the definition of a proxy using the two primary types, namely the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of how to use them and a look at advantageous features were used to differentiate forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the advantages of proxies, you can check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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