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It's also known as an proxy or proxy server, is a software program for servers that serves as an intermediary between a server and a client via the internet. In the absence of an intermediary a user would be able to send a request or resource to the server directly, and the server would then serve the requested resource directly to the customer. While this procedure is easy to understand and apply using proxy servers, it does offer advantages in the form of more performance and privacy, security and much more. As a layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security intermediary between servers and clients.




In general, the system of hardware for servers as well as software used to set up proxy installations is commonly referred to by the name proxy servers. In this post, we'll focus on proxies typically understood as software, and the ones used in conjunction with web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two major types of proxies, a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own specific application scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the naming conventions that are similar.




This article will provide you with the basics of what proxy servers and their subtypes are, as well as how they can be used in common setups. Through this article, users can identify the scenarios in which an effective proxy is beneficial, and choose the best option between reverse and forward proxy to suit your needs in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Also, a forward proxy is also known as an open proxy is the client's representative which is attempting to send a request via the internet to an origin server. In this scenario the entire attempt to send requests by the client will be made by the forward-proxy. In this scenario, the forward proxy acting in the instead of the user will look over the request. First, it will establish whether the client is authorized to send requests to this particular forward proxy. It will then reject this request, and then transfer it over to the server originally. The client isn't able to connect directly to the internet; it can only reach what the forward proxy gives the client access.




The most popular uses for forward proxies is greater privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy is able to access the internet in place of a client and, in doing so, may use a different IP address in place of the IP address that was originally assigned to the client.




Based on the way it was set up in the past forward proxy servers may offer a range of services and let you:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based upon your geolocation.




Forward proxies are also employed in security systems that require centralized and permission based access for instance, in the workplace. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer, an administrator is able to restrict access to certain people to connect on the internet. This is then filtered by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed to protect the client layer which may comprise a variety of computers with different environments and users the firewall could be placed at an front proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxies must be manually set up for use, but reverse proxies are not noticed by the client. Based on whether the address IP of a client is sent to the source server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or ignored.




There are a variety of options to consider to find forward-looking proxy services:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server, which provides forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source server for web hosting that has forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. This does not include an entire web server service. We have a tutorial on how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP, making it more suitable for situations such as with peer-to-peer traffic. You can also look at how to configure a Dante proxy to connect privately on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an agent for a web server, handling the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. This server can comprise a single server, or even multiple servers. It can also function in the role of an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, it is possible to get a request from a client through the internet in general. In the majority of cases the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the services the customer requires. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, which separates Web servers from direct interactions with the open internet.




From a client's viewpoint, which is the user's perspective using reverse proxy isn't any different than connecting directly to your webserver. It's the same thing, however the client isn't able to tell the difference. The client requests an item and is given it without any additional configuration needed to be done by the customer.




Reverse proxy proxies may offer features, like:




A central layer of security that guards the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you create.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxy providers provide this service to this layer of the internet server not clients. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls at the web server layer, which might contain several servers that have different configurations, the majority of firewall security could be focused on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with a firewall as well as responding to client requests off of web servers enables them to focus solely on serving the requirements of their clients.




If multiple servers are that are running a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also determines how requests are routed on which server. A number of web servers could be providing the same content but each serving different types of resources, or some mix of them. These servers may use the HTTP protocol similar to a traditional web server, but they may include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You may also set up reverse proxy in order to redirect the clients towards specific servers depending on the requested resource, or to observe specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their placement in front of web servers, by offering the ability to cache data. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit every time a request is made Certain solutions offer the option of providing static files directly, without involving the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy could be able to handle compressing these files.




The popular Nginx web server has become a well-known reverse proxy service. However, it is true that the Apache website server also equipped with a reverse proxy functionality as an added option. Apache in contrast to Nginx was initially designed for and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic. These labels can be confusing since both types of proxies manage both responses and requests. Instead, a better way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy services is to think about the needs of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be helpful when designing a solution that can deliver web-based apps via the internet. They act as your servers throughout all interactions on the web.




Forward proxy can be useful when used before traffic from clients for your personal use or in a work environment. They represent the traffic of your clients when you use the internet.




The use case distinction as opposed to focusing only on the similar naming conventions will assist in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article will explain the definition of a proxy, with the two main types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Examples of practical applications and a review of important characteristics were used to define forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxy services, you can refer to our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy on Apache running on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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