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An proxy, also called a proxy server is piece of software that acts as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without proxy servers, a user will send a request to resources directly to the server and it would deliver the resource directly towards the customer. This method is simple to comprehend and implement, but the addition of proxy servers can offer benefits such as increased performance, privacy, security, and a host of other benefits. In addition to providing pass-through, the proxy serves as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the combined system of server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is frequently referred to as proxy servers. This article will discuss proxy servers that are typically classified as software, and in the context of web servers. The article will provide a detailed discussion of the two major types of proxies, the other being a forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each type has its own application and can be confusing due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will give you an idea of the what proxies and subtypes are in terms of their value for common setups. If you read in this post, you'll be able understand the situations when the use of proxy servers is advantageous and choose the best option between forward proxy and reverse proxy based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also referred to in the context of open proxy. An open proxy serves as the representative of a customer who wants to send an internet request to an the server which originated it. In this scenario every attempt to send requests from the client will instead be sent to the forward proxy. Forward proxy in place of the client, will examine the request. The first step is to verify if the client is allowed to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject any request, or redirect it to the server that originated it. The client does not have direct connection to the internet and can only access what forward proxy permits it to access.




The primary reason for people for using forward proxy servers is to increase privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet through clients and in this way it can use an IP address that is distinct from the original IP of the client.




Depending on the way it's set up, the forward proxy can provide a variety of functions in addition to the ability to:




Beware of ads-trackers.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide centralized security as well as access to users based on permissions, for instance in workplaces. If all internet traffic passes through a common forward proxy and administrators are able to allow only specific clients access to the internet using a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place to protect the client layer which can involve many machines with varying settings and environment, a firewall can be installed in an forward proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind the forward proxy configurations need to be set up manually to permit them to be used in order to use them, while reverse proxy servers are unable to be noticed by the user. Based on an IP address belonging to the user is sent to the server that originated it via the forward proxy, the privacy and security can be granted or not.




There are a variety of alternatives to take into consideration when considering forward proxy alternatives:




Apache An open source well-known web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx Another well-known open-source web hosting server that has forward proxy functions.


Squid: A free forward proxy that runs on the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server system. You can refer to our guide on the best method of configuring Squid proxy to handle connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it better suited to scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to learn how to set up Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy serves as an intermediary for web servers, and takes care of requests from clients for the web server. The web server can serve as a single server, or multiple servers. It could also function as an app server, such as Gunicorn. In any case an application request comes through the internet. Typically, the request will go directly to the web server that hosts the content that the client is searching for. The reverse proxy acts as an intermediary in order to block your server from interaction with the internet's open.




From the perspective of a user's perspective, using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to Web server in direct contact. It's basically the same but the client can't discern the distinction. The client requests an item and is given it, without any extra configuration required from the user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The web server is secured centrally.


The sending of traffic according to rules you set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While centralized security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies provide this only for the web server layer and not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls for Web server layers which may comprise multiple servers that have different configurations, the bulk protection of the firewall is aimed to the reverse proxy layer. In addition, taking the burden of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients off web servers enables them to concentrate on serving the resources.




If there are multiple servers that have a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also accountable for deciding which requests go at which server. There may be several web servers running within the server all serving various kinds of resources, or a combination of both. These servers may use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. They can also include applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers in accordance with the service they require or to adhere to certain guidelines regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also take advantage of their placement on top of web servers through the capability of caching. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers with every request, with some solutions even allowing users to upload static files directly without connecting with the server. In addition, the reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy option. Although it is a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server also comes with a reverse proxy feature as an added feature that is available to Apache whereas Nginx was originally designed to and focused on the reverse proxy function.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" are both associated with the notion of directionality as well as inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" in addition to "outgoing" traffic These terms can be confusing as both types of proxies are able to handle requests as well as responses. Another method of separating between reverse and forward proxy servers is to look at the requirements of the application that you're creating.




Reverse proxy is an effective tool to use when creating a solution for serving web applications on the internet. They act as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.




A forward proxy is useful to use if you're in front clients for personal use or in a professional setting. They are a representation of your traffic when you are on the internet.




A distinction based on use case instead of using the standard name conventions can aid you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article described what a proxy is along with two types being the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of its use as well as a discussion of most beneficial features was used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse. If you're interested in learning how to implement proxies we recommend you read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server on Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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