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The word "proxy" refers to the concept of a proxy also referred to a proxy server a server software that serves to act as an intermediary for client and a server on the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users would make a request resources directly to a server, then the server could return the resource directly back at the requester's expense. This method is simple to grasp and use but using proxies has benefits including improved performance, privacy, security, and more. As a further layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security safeguard for the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the combination of hardware and software for servers with proxy software installed is sometimes referred to as a proxy server. This article will focus on proxies which are generally thought of as software, and specifically, in relation with web server. This article will give a description of the two major kinds of proxies, which are forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each type has a distinct use case, often confused because of the similar terminology.




This article will give you the knowledge of the different types of proxies, what their subtypes are and how they work in a variety of configurations. In this article, you'll be able to recognize the situations where the use of proxies is advantageous, and select the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to an open proxy, serves as an intermediary to allow a user to make a connection via the internet to connect to a source server. In this case, the entire effort to send requests by the user will instead be made via the forward proxy. Forward proxy that acts in place that of the user, would examine at the request. It will determine if the client is able to handle requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect them to the server that originated it. The client is not capable of having directly access to internet. It can access only what forward proxy allows the client to connect.




The most common reason for using forward proxies is to gain more privacy or security when using the internet. A forward proxy accesses the internet using the user and, in doing so, it could use a different IP address in addition to the initial IP address of the client.




Based on the way it has been configured according to the configuration, a forward proxy could provide a variety of functions and permit you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the geolocation of your home.




Forward proxies also are used in systems that rely on central security and access based on permissions, like at a workplace. If all traffic on the internet flows via an open forward proxy administrators can allow access only to a select group of people to connect on the internet, which is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of creating firewalls for the client layer that can be used by a variety of computers that have different configurations, environments, a firewall can be installed at this layer to forward proxy data.




It is essential to note that forward proxies must be configured manually and reverse proxies may not be noticed by the user. Based on the type of the IP address that a user is sent to the server from which it originated via the forward proxy, anonymity and privacy may be granted or not.




There are a number of possibilities to look into for forward proxy:




Apache A popular open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for web hosting that has the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid is an open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server system. You can refer to our step-by-step guide on how to installing Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it better suited for usage in situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to know how to set up an Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for a web server that handles any requests that come in from customers on its behalf. This web server can serve as a single server or as a series of servers. Additionally, it can be used for application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any event it is possible to send a request through the internet in general. Most often the request will be sent directly to the web server with what the client is seeking. However, reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, securing the web server from direct contact to the open internet.




From the consumer's point perspective, the experience of working with reverse proxy isn't any different than using the server itself. It's exactly the same but the client isn't able to discern the difference. Clients can make a request for the resource and it receive it, with no further configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxy providers can provide options like:




Centralized security for the web server layer.


Incoming traffic is directed according to the rules you establish.


The caching function is now available to users.




While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxy providers this service to the web server layer, but not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls at Web server layers which may include several servers that have different configurations, most of the firewall security is directed towards the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the hassle of dealing with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from customers outside of web servers permits them to focus on delivering the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing the requests to which server. There may be several web servers offering the identical service, but each providing various kinds of resources or a combination of both. They could use the HTTP protocol to function as a traditional web server. However, they could also be using application server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to configure reverse proxy settings to send users to a particular server based on the service requested or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to gain advantage from their position before web servers, by providing the ability to cache information. Massive static resources can be configured by caching rules so that they prevent websites from getting hit every time a request is made. Certain software solutions let you offer static files directly without connecting to the web server in any way. Additionally the reverse proxy can be able to handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is also an effective reverse proxy service. While you can use the Apache web server with a reverse proxy, it is an additional option for Apache and Nginx was initially designed and is focused specifically on reverse proxy capabilities.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with directionality, as well as false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both kinds of proxies are capable of handling both requests and responses. Another method of separating between reverse and forward proxies is to examine the requirements of the app you're developing.




A reverse proxy is helpful when creating an application to run web applications on the internet. They act as your web server in all interactions via the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is displayed before customers for your personal use or within an organization. They represent the client's information every time you use the internet.




Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing solely on standard names can aid you in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the purpose of a proxy with two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Examples of practical use along with an examination of beneficial attributes were used to identify the two types of proxies: forward and reverse. If you're looking to know more about the benefits of proxies, then we recommend you read our tutorial on how to install Nginx to function as an Internet server and reverse proxy in Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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